1. Input Device (Alat Masukan)
Input device adalah unit yang berfungsi sebgai media untuk memasukkan data dari luar kedalam suatu memori dan prosesor untuk diolah guna menghasilkan informasi yang diperlukan oleh pengguna komputer tersebut.
Input device yang umumnya digunakan adalah keyboard, mouse, joystick, touchpad, dan lain lain.
a) Keyboard
Keyboard adalah sebuah papan yang terdiri dari tombol huruf, angka, dan simbol yang berfungsi untuk memasukkan huruf, angka, karakter khusus, serta sebagai media bagi pengguna untuk melakukan perintah perintah lainnya.
Keyboard adalah sebuah papan yang terdiri dari tombol huruf, angka, dan simbol yang berfungsi untuk memasukkan huruf, angka, karakter khusus, serta sebagai media bagi pengguna untuk melakukan perintah perintah lainnya.
b) Mouse
Mouse atau dalam bahasa Indonesianya adalah tetikus adalah sebuah alat input (masukan) yang digerakkan oleh tangan dan berfungsi mengubah gerakan menjadi intruksi/perintah. Jadi mouse ini digunakan untuk memindahkan kursor/pointer secara cepat.
c) Touch Pad
Touch pad biasanya dipakai sebagai pengganti mouse yang berfungsi sebagai penggerak kursor/pointer pada layar komputer.
d) Light Pen
Light pen adalah pointer elektronik yang digunkan untuk modifikasi dan mendesain gambar dengan screen (monitor).
e) Joystick
Joystick adalah suatu alat yang digunakan pada permainan (games) komputer. Joystick berbentuk tongkat yang akan mengatur gerak suatu objek dalam komputer.
f) Scanner
Scanner adalah sebuah alat yang dapat berfungsi untuk mengcopy atau meyalin gambar/teks yang kemudian disimpan dalam memori komputer.
2. Proses Device
Otak sebuah komputer berada pada unit pemrosesan (Process Device). Unit pemrosesan ini dinamakan CPU (Central Processing Unit). Fungsi dari CPU adalah sebagai pemroses dan pengolah data yang dapat menghasilkan suatu informasi yang dipelukan
Peralatan proses tersebut diantaranya adalah Processor, Register, Cache, ROM, dan RAM
a) Processor
Processor ini berfungsi sebagai pengolah data yang telah diinputkan oleh pengguna untuk menampilkan suatu informasi yang berguna bagi pengguna tersebut. Contoh processor adalah Intel Pentium 4, AMD, Centrino, Core, dan masih banyaklagi.
b) Register
Register merupakan jenis memori yang terdapat pada processor dan sebagai memori internal processor. Register digunakan untuk menyimpan data yang sedang diproses oleh CPU, sedang instruktur data lainnya menunggu giliram untuk diproses masih disimpan di memori utama
c) Cache Memori
Cache memori merupakan memori yang dapat meningkatkan kecepatan komputer dan dikatakan sebagai memori perantara.
d) ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM berfungsi untukmembantu proses kerja komuter. ROM dalah suatu memori yang hanya dapat dibaca dan tidak boleh diubah dan mempunyai sifat yang tetap (non-volatile). ROM mulai berfungsi ketika komputer dihidupkan.
e) RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM merupakan jenis memori yang dapat dibaca, diisi, dan diubah (volatile). RAM mempunyai sifat yang sementara, yaitu memori tidak dapat dibaca dalam keadaan komputer dimatikan (shutdown). Jenis jenis RAM contohnya DRAM, FPRAM, EDO RAM, dan masih banyak lagi.
3. Output Device (Alat Keluaran)
Output device adalah alat yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan hasil pemrosesan ataupun pengolahan data yang berasal dari CPU kedalam suatu media yang dapat dibaca oleh manusia ataupun dapat digunakan untuk penyimpanan data hasil daripada proses. Jenis dan media dari output device yang dimiliki komputer cukup banyak. Output tersebut seperti tulisan, gambar, maupun suara.
Output Device terdiri dari Monitor, Printer, Speaker
a) Monitor
Monitor merupakan salah satu jenis output device yang sangat diperlukan dalam komputer. Monitor berfungsi mengeluarkan data dan informasi yang berguna pada screen monitor.
b) Printer
Printer adalah sebuah peralatan dari komputer yang dapat mencetak teks atau gambar ke atas kertas.
Speaker berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi berupa suara. Jadi saat kita mendengarkan lagu, maka unit keluaran yang kita butuhkan adalah speaker.
James
Watt was born in 1736, in Greenock, Scotland. He was such a great kid at his
ages. He loved mathematics and learned carpentry through his Father. He learned
navigation aids in ship such as astrology, quadrants, compasses, and
telescopes. At the moment of his father started bankrupt, he could analyzed the
another benefits of occupation. Although, He hadn't opportunities for training
in Greenock. In 1754, he went to Glasgow and became acquainted with Robert D
through a relative at the University. Either was impressed with Watt's skill
and his knowledge at instruments making. At that moment, Watt just needed some
steps and special training to boost and made an opportunity for apprenticeship
skill. But the rules of trading made an obstacle, thus Watt was fledgling even
he wasn't a fully instrument maker or training full seven years at
apprenticeship skill.
Later
on a little brute of trade rules guy, John Morgan accepted James Watt in order
to take him as apprentice and aggred with a little of buck. John was a man who
realized Watt's capabilities. James Watt took the offer in 1755, and within few
months he surpassed all official appreciate that Morgan had. During this time,
Britain had war with France. Thus, James avoided passing through street due to
his health problems. For further risks on his health, he refused to walk at
street. That's might gave more serious problems on his career of his ability in
appreciate. One of professors arranged and set up a shop for Watt at University
ground as development of Watt's capabilities since being an instrument maker
was match for Watt, the professor also promoted him as "Mathematical
Instrument maker of University "as position.
James
was the one who had trouble for found enough workers friendly. Somewhat, all
those instrument workers became hostile cause the competition between them.
Within few years, to be precise in 1763 he had apprentice of his own. Due to
his perfect partnership and his personality, James got many chances as
apprentice and crafter. In his university, one of his friends introduced him to
John roeback, an industrialist who held leases on coal factory. He back in to
develop of full-scale engine optimization of engine model. James explicated
that there were some troubleshooting after development of full-scale engine,
especially in time. Apparently, Roeback didn't employ some top rate of workers Over
next 4 years, Watt worked on this project with purpose make the engine work. The
experiment was so slowly and costly. The most trouble thing was maintaining the
seal on large piston. Although the engine was maintaining in Roeback's coal
mine, Andrew Carnegie wrote a biography of James Watt. Roeback was also being supportive of Watt to
keep him in Pump development. He was be able to develop on large engine to be
invested and patented. In 1769, Roeback responded all debt of Watt's instrument
shop but exchange two-third of money the investment made. Roeback introduced
him to Matthew Boulton that will helped later and lastly on steam engine
revolution. Boulton speculated the engine had potential as steam engine more
than merely hydro pump. Boulton such a crafter who had extraordinary vision to analyze
workers on manufactory building. In 1771, Watt left his work on instrument
making business, and in 1773 Boulton acquired Roeback's right of the engine and
then he was convicted the problems that could be solved.
In
March 1776, the Bentley company mining started their newest equipment, Boulton-Watt
engine. This machine used a cylinder that crafted by the best ironmaster in
Britain, John Wilkinson. The new engine was a great development. Watt became
busy at Cornwall mines for maintaining new pumps in that region. In
1781-1782,James was successful, in patented for sun and planet gears and double-acting
engine. Watt used data from sawmill how determined a horse could life 33,000
pounds on one foot of distance in a minute by 12 houses from an engine that
Watt was ordered. Later on, in 1819 James Watt died, and his name became one of
historical characters in the world.
-Based
on my perspective, James Watt was greatly struggling to become a great crafter.
He had been suffering from zero to the top of his life.
As
my opinion, I would like share my thoughts. Here, I come as a student in
Software engineering. As a fledgling, I'm still fresh and trying the best of
mine to reach my goal. Nowadays, some people are pointing on their goal in
their own path, the others are lying hopeless and careless of nothing. As I
flutter the wings, in Software engineering,
I
wanna be a great developer in rpl department. I plead in this semester and now
on, I'd step forward as an intellectual student and change the places for some
others who careless. Here the moment I step without any further clarification.
It's only my chance to win the game of mine. Yes, it's merely game, we'd
leaving the logic the behind we once knew.
No
pain, no gain.
For
instance, to touch the sky, I must learn how to fly. And I should know the
equipments. I develop and craft the thing. I prefer plane, maybe.
The
point is to grab or even hold tightly the goal, we must aim and set up our
purpose. Then learn more the way, until reach the end and do well on my own
business. Give it a try!
"The
more I learn, the more I gain"
-Warren
Buffet